ÿþ<html lang="en"> <head> <title>Mauritian Kestrel - Crécerelle - Kresserel - falco punctatus</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/en.css"> <link rel="Bookmark Icon" HREF="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <script language=javascript src="/en.js"></script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en"> <meta name="Description" content="Description of the Mauritian Kestrel, an endangered bird species of Mauritius"> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFF0"> <center> <a name="Top"></a> <table width="757" border="0"> <tr> <td height="1" width="123"><img height=1 src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=123 border=0></td> <td height="1" width="641"><img height=1 src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=641 border=0></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="86"> <table border="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#336699" height="88"> <tr> <td width="261" height="98"> <table width="261" border="0" cellpadding="2" height="73"> <tr> <td width="93" height="71"><img src="/Images/Logo.png" width="93" height="73" border="0"></td> <td width="154" align="center" height="71" bgcolor="#336699"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2"> <tr> <td> <font size="3" color="#E9E9E9">ENCYCLOP&AElig;DIA</font> <br> <font size="6" color="#E9E9E9">Mauritiana</font> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td align="center" height="98"> <font size="5" color="#E9E9E9" face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">Mauritian Kestrel<br> Cr&eacute;cerelle - Mangeur poule<br> Falco punctatus</font> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <!-- Left menu column --> <td rowspan="3" valign="top" width="123"> <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=122 border=0 bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <tr valign="middle"> <td class="IndexDarkBlue" colspan=3 height=28> <p><a href="/index.html">Main Index</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor=#CC0033> <td colspan=3 height=2></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor=#CC0033> <td width="5" ><img height=20 src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=8 border=0></td> <td colspan="2" valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20"> <p><a href="/index.html">Chapters</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=3 height=5></td> </tr> <tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan=3 class="ArialBlack"> <p><a href="/Nature/Geography/index.html">Geography</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/index.html">Fauna</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=top bgcolor="F3F3F3" ></td> <td colspan=2 class="ArialBlack" valign="top" > <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Mammals/index.html">Mammals</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/index.html">Birds</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Reptiles/index.html">Reptiles</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Fresh_Water/index.html">Fresh Water<br> Fauna</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan=3 class="ArialBlack" height="59" > <p><a href="/History/index.html">History</a><br> <a href="/Society/Language/index.html">Language</a><br> <a href="/Society/Music/index.html">Music</a><br> <a href="/Society/Communication/Stamps/index.html">Stamps</a> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=122 border=0 bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="2" ><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td width=116 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=116 border=0></td> <td width=1 height="2" ><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=1 border=0></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width="5" ><img height=20 src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td colspan="2" valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20"> <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/index.html">Birds</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=3 height=5></td> </tr> <tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan=3 class="ArialBlack"> <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Extinct/index.html">Extinct</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/index.html">Endemic</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Indigenous/index.html">Indigenous</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Oceanic/index.html">Oceanic</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Exotic/index.html">Exotic</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Orders/index.html">Orders</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Sites.htm">Sites</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Bibliography.htm">Bibliography</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Links.htm">Links</a> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=122 border=0 bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td width=116 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=116 border=0></td> <td width=1 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=1 border=0></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width="5" ><img height=20 src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td colspan="2" valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20"> <p>Other Web Sites</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=3 height=4></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan=3 class="ArialBlack"> <p><a href="http://www.kreol.mu" target="_blank">Creole</a><br> <a href="http://www.sega.mu" target="_blank">Sega</a><br> <a href="http://www.stampsmauritius.com" target="_blank">Stamps</a><br> <a href="http://www.birds.mu" target="_blank">Birds</a><br> <a href="http://www.alpareflex.com" target="_blank">Alpa</a><br> <a href="http://www.orchids.mu" target="_blank">Orchids</a> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> <td valign="top" align="left" width="641"> <table width="100%" border="0"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="391" rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=350 border=0> <tbody> <tr> <td width=7><img height=1 alt=/Images/pixel.gif" width=7 border=0></td> <td width=3><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=3 border=0></td> <td width=356><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=330 border=0></td> <td width=3><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=3 border=0></td> <td width=7><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=7 border=0></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=5></td> </tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td colspan=5 bgcolor=#336699 height="30"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3"><b>&nbsp;<font color="white" size="4">Mauritius Kestrel - falco punctatus</font></b></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign=top colspan=2 ></td> <td valign=top width="356"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody class="ArialBlack" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2"><img src="Images/Kestrel2.jpg" width="367" height="595" title="Mauritian Kestrel - falco punctatus" alt="Mauritian Kestrel - falco punctatus"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor=CC0033> <td colspan="2" valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20" > <p>&nbsp;Description</p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%" height="14"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Scientific Name</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3" height="14"> <p>Falco punctatus</p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">English Name</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <p>Mauritius Kestrel</p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">French Name</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <p>Cr&eacute;cerelle</p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Creole Name</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <p>Kresserel</p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Habitat</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <p>Tropical rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub forest</p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Geographic Range</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <p><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Mauritius</font></p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">First Description</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <p>Newton &amp; Newton 1876 </p> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="33%" height="29" bgcolor="F3F3F3"><font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Status</font></td> <td width="67%" bgcolor="F3F3F3" height="29"> <p>IUCN: Endangered <br> U.S. ESA: Endangered <br> CITES Appendix II </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="33%">&nbsp;</td> <td width="67%">&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table width="100%" border="0"> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td colspan="2" valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20"> <p>&nbsp;Classification</p> </td> </tr> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <tr valignment="top" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td width="77" valign="top"> <p> Kingdom<br> Phylum<br> Sub phylum<br> Class <br> Order<br> Family<br> Genus<br> Species</p> </td> <td width="134" valign="top"> <p> <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/animalia.html" target="_blank">Animalia</a><br> <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/chordata.html" target="_blank">Chordata</a><br> <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/vertebrata.html" target="_blank">Vertebrata</a> <br> <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/chordata/aves.html" target="_blank">Aves</a> <br> <font size=2><a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/chordata/aves/falconiformes.html" target="_blank">Falconiformes</a></font><br> <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/chordata/aves/falconiformes.html" target="_blank">Falconidae </a><br> Falco<br> <a href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/falco/f._punctatus$narrative.html" target="_blank">Falco punctatus</a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody class="ArialBlack" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tr> <td colspan="2" height="10">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h2><a name=geographic_range>Geographic Range</a></h2> <p><em>Indian Ocean</em>: <em><em>Falco punctatus</em> </em>, also known as the Mauritius Kestrel, are unique to the island of Mauritius. They have also been found in the neighboring Mascarene Islands. </p> <h2><a name=physical_characteristics>Physical Characteristics</a></h2> <p><em>Mass: </em>200 to 250 g.</p> <p><em><em>F. punctatus</em> </em>are small brown falcons with short wings and long tails. Mauritius Kestrels have black eyes and tapered wings, with patches of different shades of brown. The underside plumage is predominantly white interrupted with occasional dark-brown speckles. Their talons are small and delicate. This species of kestrel is more sexually dimorphic in size than other kestrels. (Temple, 1987) </p> <h2><a name=food_habits>Food Habits</a></h2> <p>Their diet primarily consists of arboreal geckos that are captured through a specialized hunting behavior known as "sun-oriented attacks". This predator also eats small birds, small rodents and insectivores, and various insects. The types of prey consumed by each sex may differ. (Temple, 1987) </p> <p align="right"><a href="#Top"><img src="/Images/red-arrowrup.gif" width="8" height="8" border="0">&nbsp;Top</a> </p> <h2> <a name=reproduction>Reproduction</a></h2> <p>Mauritius Kestrels are monogamous during the breeding cycle. They nest in forest trees, but recently nestboxes have been introduced. The clutch size averages four to five eggs. The eggs are speckled brown oval-shaped eggs. The incubation period is 28 to 35 days, and the young are cared for in the nest for as long as 35 days. Clutches are usually laid during the months of November and December. (Village, 1990) </p> <h2><a name=behavior>Behavior</a></h2> <p><em><em>F. punctatus</em> </em>are a relatively sedentary and solitary creature. Upon their release from captivity, 89% of banded birds found nesting were less than 5 km from their release or fledgling site. (Jones, 1995) </p> <p>Their ability to adapt feeding and nesting habits to local conditions have helped in their population resurgence. </p> <h2><a name=habitat>Habitat</a></h2> <p>Mauritius Kestrels originally were found in the tropical forests of the Black River Gorges but, with rapid habitat depletion, they have been introduced to and have adapted to the rocky forests and adjacent scrubby areas of the Bambous Mountains and on Moka Mountain. (Collar, 1994) </p> <p><em><b>Biomes: </b>tropical rainforest, tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub forest</em> </p> <p align="right"><a href="#Top"><img src="/Images/red-arrowrup.gif" width="8" height="8" border="0">&nbsp;Top</a></p> <h2><a name=conservation>Conservation</a></h2> <p>Status: <ul> <li><b>IUCN: </b>Endangered <li><b>U.S. ESA: </b>Endangered </li> </ul> <p></p> <p>At one point in the 1970's, the Mauritius Kestrels were the most endangered bird of prey in the world with a reported four surviving birds in the wild. It is still the rarest falcon in the world. They were officially declared an endangered species in 1973. </p> <p>Since then, an intense conservation and captive breeding program was created by the Wildlife Preservation Trust in collaboration with the Mauritius government. This program consists of feeding of wild birds, providing nestboxes, multiple clutching, egg pulling, artificial incubation, hand rearing and release of captive-bred and captive-reared birds by hacking, fostering, and predator control. </p> <p>These captive-bred birds have been successfully introduced to non-native habitats. Due to its outstanding successes, the release program ended in 1994, but conservationists have been consistently monitoring this area in hopes to reach the carrying capacity of the island, estimated to be 500-600 kestrels. (Jones, 1994) </p> <p>The main problems that this species have dealt with, and are still dealing with, is habitat destruction and unregulated use of pesticides in the 1950's and 1960's. Due to deforestation beginning since 1756 under colonial French control only 3% of this island has indigenous tropical forest. This is the native habitat of the kestrels. The other problem has been the unregulated use of pesticides known as organochlorines for malaria control and in food crop production. With the addition of these pesticides to the ecosystem, they poisoned the natural food supply of the Mauritius Kestrel. (Safford, 1997) </p> <h2><a name=other_comments>Other Comments</a></h2> <p>Mauritius falscons are an important part of the food chain because they are both predators and prey on this small island. Their main predators include black rats (<em>Rattus rattus</em>), mongooses (<em>Herpestes auropuncatatus</em>), feral cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) and monkeys (<em>Macaca fascicularis</em>), all of which are introduced species on Mauritius. </p> <p>Perhaps this species and its unique success story will instill hope and inspire other governments and organizations to support programs that save endangered species. In turn, they will be supporting the biodiversity of the world. </p> <p align="right"><a href="#Top"><img src="/Images/red-arrowrup.gif" width="8" height="8" border="0">&nbsp;Top</a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> <td valign=top colspan=2></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=5 height=12></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> <td width="242" valign="top" > <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=100% border=0 bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <!-- Column of Right Menu --> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td width=272 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=116 border=0></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="20"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20" width="272" bgcolor="CC0033"> <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/index.html">Endemic&nbsp;Birds</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=3 height=5></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" height="13" > <p> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/EchoParakeet.htm">Echo Parakeet</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="5" >&nbsp;</td> <td width="272" valign="middle" > <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Psittascene_05_2001.htm">The Captive Breeding Program</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" > <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Kestrel.htm">Kestrel</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/PinkPigeon.htm">Pink&nbsp;Pigeon</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/MauritiusFody.htm">Mauritius Fody</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Paradise_Flycatcher.htm">Paradise Flycatcher</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Cuckoo-shrike.htm">Cuckoo Shrike</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Grey_White-eye.htm">Grey White-Eye</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Olive_White-eye.htm">Olive White-eye</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Black_Bulbul.htm">Black Bulbul</a><br> <br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Rodrigues_Warbler.htm">Rodrigues Warbler</a><br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/YellosFody.htm">Yellow Fody</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFF0"> <td width="5" >&nbsp;</td> <td width="272" >&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=100% border=0 bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <!-- Column of Right Menu --> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td width=272 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=116 border=0></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="19"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="19" width="272"> <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Sites.htm">Sites</a></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=3 height=5></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="5" >&nbsp;</td> <td width="272" > <p><a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Macchabee-Bel%20Ombre.htm">Macchabee-Bel Ombre Nature Reserve</a> <br> <a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Sites.htm#Durrel">Gerald Durrell Endemic Wildlife Sanctuary</a> <br> <a href="/Nature/Geography/Places/GrandPort.htm#DomaineChasseur">Domaine des Chasseurs</a> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=100% border=0 bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <!-- Column of Right Menu --> <tr bgcolor="FFFFF0" > <td width=5 height="20"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td width=272 height="20"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=116 border=0></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td width=272 height="2"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=116 border=0></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td width=5 height="20"><img height=1 alt=. src="/Images/pixel.gif" width=5 border=0></td> <td valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20" width="272"> <p>References</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan=3 height=5></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="5" >&nbsp;</td> <td width="272" > <p>Cade, T.J. and C.G. Jones. 1993. Progress in the restoration of the Mauritius Kestrel. Conservation Biology 7(1):169-175. </p> <p>Carter, J. and M.H. Jones. 1999. Habitat composition of Mauritius Kestrel home ranges. Journal of Field Ornithology 70(2):230-235. <p> Groombridge, J.J, Jones, C.G, Bayes, M.K., van Zyl, A.J., Carrillo, J., Nichols, R.A. & Bruford, M.W. (2002). A molecular phylogeny of African kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 25, 267-277. <p>Nichols, R.A., Bruford, M.W. & Groombridge, J.J. 2001. Sustaining genetic variation in a small population: evidence from the Mauritius kestrel. Molecular Ecology 10, 593-602. <p>Groombridge, J.J., Bruford, M.W., Jones, C.G. & Nichols, R.A. 2001. Estimating the severity of the population bottleneck in the Mauritius kestrel Falco punctatus from ringing records using MCMC estimation. Journal of Animal Ecology 70, 401-409. <p>Groombridge, J.J., Jones, C.G., Bruford, M.W. & Nichols, R.A. 2000.  Ghost alleles of the Mauritius kestrel. Nature 403, 616. Jones, <p>C.G., Groombridge, J.J. & Nicoll, M. A. 2000. The genetic and population history of the Mauritius kestrel Falco punctatus. In: Raptors 2000; Proceedings of The World Conference on Birds of Prey and Owls. Eilat, Israel 2-4 April 2000. <p>Jones, C.G., W. Heck, R.E. Lewis, Y. Mungroo, G. Slade, etc. 1995. The restoration of the Mauritius Kestrel (Falco punctatus) population. Ibis 137(Suppl.1):S173-S180. <p>Safford, R.J. and C.G. Jones. 1997. Did organochlorine pesticide use cause declines in Mauritian forest birds?. Biodiversity and Conservation 6(10):1445-1451. <p>Temple, S.A. 1987. Foraging ecology of the Mauritius Kestrel (Falco punctatus). Biotropica 19(1):2-6. <p>Village, Andrew. 1990. The Kestrel. T &amp; AD Poyser, London. </td> </tr> <tr valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFF0"> <td width="5" >&nbsp;</td> <td width="272" >&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <table width="100%" border="0"> <tbody class="ArialBlack"> <tr bgcolor="CC0033"> <td valign="middle" align="left" class="IndexWhite" height="20"><p>Links</p></td> </tr> <tr valignment="top" bgcolor="F3F3F3"> <td colspan="2"> <p><a href="http://www.maurinet.com/wildlife.html" target="_blank">The Mauritius Wildlife Foundation</a> <br> <a href="http://www.wptc.org/Kestrel.html" target="_blank">Wildlife Preservation Trust Canada</a> <br> <a href="http://www.thewildones.org/Animals/mKestrel.html" target="_blank">The Wild Ones Animal Index: Mauritius Kestrel</a><br> <a href="http://endangered.fws.gov/fbirds2.html#Lnk23" target="_blank">U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Endangered Species</a><br> <a href="http://www.peregrinefund.org/conserv_maurkest.html" target="_blank">The Peregrine Fund</a> <br> <a href="http://www.wcmc.org.uk/species/data/red_note/17970.htm" target="_blank">Collar , N. J., M. J. Crosby and A. J. Stattersfield. 1994. - Bird Life International: Birds to Watch 2 </a></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br> <p><a href="http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/3202800.htm" target="_blank" ><img src="Images/KestrelStamp.jpg" width="134" height="91" border="0" title="Mauritian Kestrel Stamp - SG 560 (1978) - Falco punctatus" alt="Mauritian Kestrel Stamp - SG 560 (1978) - Falco punctatus"></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/3202800.htm" target="_blank">Mauritian Kestrel Stamps</a> </p> <p align="right"><a href="#Top"><img src="/Images/red-arrowrup.gif" width="8" height="8" border="0">&nbsp;Top</a> </p> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="242" valign="bottom" > <p> </p> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr align="center" valign="bottom"> <td colspan="2" height="64" width="641"> <p><a href="#" onClick="history.go(-1)"><img src="/Images/red-arrowleft.gif" width="6" height="6" border="0">&nbsp;Back</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="/Nature/Fauna/Birds/Endemic/Psittascene_05_2001.htm">Next Page&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="/Images/red-arrowright.gif" width="8" height="8" border="0"> </a><br> <br> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Copyright ©2002-2005 Encyclopaedia Mauritiana</font> <br> <div class="LinkGrey"> <a href="http://www.mauritiusencyclopedia.com" target="_blank">Encyclopedia</a> <a href="http://www.kreol.mu" target="_blank">Creole</a> <a href="http://www.sega.mu" target="_blank">Sega</a> <a href="http://www.birds.mu" target="_blank">Birds</a> <a href="http://www.oldmaps.mu" target="_blank">Maps</a> <a href="http://www.orchids.mu" target="_blank">Orchids</a> <a href="http://www.leicaphoto.net" target="_blank">Leica</a> <a href="http://www.alpareflex.com" target="_blank">Alpa</a> <a href="http://www.kilfitt.org" target="_blank">Kilfitt</a> <a href="http://www.cadelec.com" target="_blank">Cadelec</a><br> <a href="http://www.werner.mu" target="_blank"> </a> <a href="http://www.ngyantun.com" target="_blank"> </a> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </center> </body> </html>