਀ ਀ Joseph Osmond Barnard਀㰀洀攀琀愀 栀琀琀瀀ⴀ攀焀甀椀瘀㴀∀䌀漀渀琀攀渀琀ⴀ吀礀瀀攀∀ 挀漀渀琀攀渀琀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀栀琀洀氀㬀 挀栀愀爀猀攀琀㴀椀猀漀ⴀ㠀㠀㔀㤀ⴀ㄀∀㸀 ਀㰀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 氀愀渀最甀愀最攀㴀樀愀瘀愀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀攀渀⸀樀猀∀㸀㰀⼀猀挀爀椀瀀琀㸀 ਀㰀⼀栀攀愀搀㸀 ਀㰀戀漀搀礀 戀最挀漀氀漀爀㴀∀⌀䘀䘀䘀䘀䘀 ∀㸀
਀  㰀愀 渀愀洀攀㴀∀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀⼀愀㸀 ਀     ਀       ਀    㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀 ਀   㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㄀㐀∀㸀  Joseph Osmond Barnard (1816-1865)਀   㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀  㰀琀爀㸀 ਀ऀ 㰀琀爀 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀洀椀搀搀氀攀∀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㜀 ∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀一愀琀甀爀攀⼀䜀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀䜀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㘀 ∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀 ∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⼀䴀甀猀椀挀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀䴀甀猀椀挀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ 㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀    㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀
਀         ਀  ऀ 㰀琀爀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㔀㐀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㜀㄀∀ 戀最挀漀氀漀爀㴀∀⌀㌀㌀㘀㘀㤀㤀∀㸀
਀ऀ    㰀琀爀㸀 ਀ऀऀ㰀⼀琀爀㸀
਀ऀऀऀ㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀∀㌀∀ 挀漀氀漀爀㴀∀⌀䔀㤀䔀㤀䔀㤀∀㸀䔀一䌀夀䌀䰀伀倀☀䄀䔀氀椀最㬀䐀䤀䄀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀
਀ऀऀऀ㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀∀㘀∀ 挀漀氀漀爀㴀∀⌀䔀㤀䔀㤀䔀㤀∀㸀䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀愀渀愀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀
਀ऀ  㰀⼀琀搀㸀
਀ऀ㰀琀愀戀氀攀 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀ ∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀椀渀最㴀∀ ∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀㤀∀ 㸀ऀ ऀ ऀ ऀ ऀ  
HomeFaunaLanguageStamps
਀ऀ㰀琀戀漀搀礀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䰀椀渀欀圀栀椀琀攀∀㸀         ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㌀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 戀最挀漀氀漀爀㴀∀⌀㤀㤀㤀㤀䘀䘀∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⼀䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⼀匀琀愀洀瀀猀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㘀㘀∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀䜀攀渀甀椀渀攀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀䘀漀爀最攀爀椀攀猀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀 ∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀䈀椀戀氀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 挀漀氀漀爀㴀∀⌀䔀㤀䔀㤀䔀㤀∀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ 㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀
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਀ऀ 㰀琀戀漀搀礀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䰀椀渀欀圀栀椀琀攀∀㸀        ऀ            ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㜀 ∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⼀䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⼀匀琀愀洀瀀猀⼀椀渀搀攀砀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀伀瘀攀爀瘀椀攀眀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㘀㐀∀ 戀最挀漀氀漀爀㴀∀⌀㤀㤀㤀㤀䘀䘀∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⼀䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⼀匀琀愀洀瀀猀⼀䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ  㰀琀搀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㜀㠀∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⼀䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⼀匀琀愀洀瀀猀⼀䈀愀氀氀䌀漀瘀攀爀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀䈀愀氀氀 䌀漀瘀攀爀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀ऀ 㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀 ਀  㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀ 㰀⼀琀愀戀氀攀㸀
Ordinance No 13EvansBordeaux Letter
਀    㰀琀爀㸀  ਀    㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀       ਀    㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀      㰀琀搀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀㐀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㈀∀㸀㰀椀㸀㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀㴀∀㈀∀㸀䨀漀猀攀瀀栀 伀猀洀漀渀搀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀  engraver of the "Post Office" stamps਀    㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀      㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀  ∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀㄀ ∀㸀 

Joseph Osmond Barnard was born in Portsmouth, ਀          䔀渀最氀愀渀搀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㄀㘀⸀ 䠀攀 愀爀爀椀瘀攀搀 椀渀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㌀㠀⸀ 䄀 礀攀愀爀 氀愀琀攀爀 栀攀 洀愀爀爀椀攀搀  a young woman of Dutch origin. An advertisement in a local newspaper ਀          䰀攀 䌀攀爀渀攀渀 漀昀 䴀愀爀挀栀 㤀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㌀㤀 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 愀猀 愀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 瀀愀椀渀琀攀爀  and engraver.

਀        㰀瀀㸀䄀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 栀攀 栀愀搀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 攀砀瀀攀爀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 攀渀最爀愀瘀椀渀最 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 瀀漀爀琀爀愀椀琀猀Ⰰ  his attempts to engrave the Queen's head were surprisingly successful. ਀          吀栀攀 漀渀攀 瀀攀渀渀礀 漀爀愀渀最攀ⴀ爀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀攀攀瀀 戀氀甀攀 琀眀漀 瀀攀渀挀攀Ⰰ ∀倀漀猀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀∀  stamps engraved on copper plate by Barnard were put for sale on September ਀          ㈀㈀Ⰰ ㄀㠀㐀㜀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀㸀䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 搀椀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㘀㔀 愀琀 栀椀猀 匀甀最愀爀 䔀猀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 瀀甀爀挀栀愀猀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㘀㈀ 渀攀愀爀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀一愀琀甀爀攀⼀䜀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⼀倀氀愀挀攀猀⼀䜀爀愀渀搀倀漀爀琀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀䜀爀愀渀搀  Port.

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਀        㰀⼀琀搀㸀 ਀   㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㘀㜀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㌀㄀ ∀㸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀一愀琀甀爀攀⼀䜀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⼀倀氀愀挀攀猀⼀䜀爀愀渀搀倀漀爀琀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀嘀椀攀甀砀䜀爀愀渀搀倀漀爀琀匀椀琀攀㈀  ⸀樀瀀最∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㤀㤀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀㌀㤀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀戀爀㸀
਀        刀甀椀渀猀 漀昀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀一愀琀甀爀攀⼀䜀攀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⼀倀氀愀挀攀猀⼀䜀爀愀渀搀倀漀爀琀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀嘀椀攀甀砀 䜀爀愀渀搀 倀漀爀琀㰀⼀愀㸀 䄀爀挀栀攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀  Site
਀    㰀⼀琀爀㸀 ਀      㰀琀搀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㐀  ∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀㸀 

The ਀          䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 䴀礀琀栀㰀⼀戀㸀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀

The following are an extract from the Encyclopaedia of Rare and Famous Stamps by L. N. Williams ਀          瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 戀礀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀搀愀瘀椀搀昀攀氀搀洀愀渀⸀挀漀洀⼀∀  target=_blank>David Feldman, Geneva

਀        

The description of Barnard as a watchmaker and jeweler persisted without ਀          焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 瀀栀椀氀愀琀攀氀椀挀 氀椀琀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀㠀㠀  漀渀眀愀爀搀猀 ⴀ 昀爀漀洀 吀栀攀 匀琀愀洀瀀  Collector by W.J. Hardy and E.D. Bacon London 1899 p 108, to Modern ਀          匀琀愀洀瀀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀渀最 戀礀 䘀爀攀搀 䨀⸀ 䴀攀氀瘀椀氀氀攀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀 ㄀㤀㐀  瀀 ㄀ 㘀Ⰰ 琀漀 ᠀倠漀猀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀ᤀ† Mauritius, 1847 by Michael Harrison London 1947 p 27 to Stamps of Fame ਀          䰀漀渀搀漀渀 ㄀㤀㐀㤀 瀀 ㈀㌀⸀ 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⼀匀漀挀椀攀琀礀⼀䌀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⼀匀琀愀洀瀀猀⼀䴀愀樀漀爀䔀瘀愀渀猀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀䔀⸀䈀⸀ 䔀瘀愀渀猀㰀⼀愀㸀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 渀漀琀 椀渀昀愀氀氀椀戀氀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 攀搀椀琀漀爀猀  of the official list of the Royal ਀          倀栀椀氀愀琀攀氀椀挀 匀漀挀椀攀琀礀㰀⼀愀㸀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀Ⰰ 眀攀爀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 猀甀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀氀礀 挀愀爀攀昀甀氀  in checking statements to be relied on as authorities.
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 However, it seems that all were in error. Peter Ibbotson under the title ਀          ᤀ吠栀攀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 䴀礀琀栀ᤀ†椀渀 匀琀愀洀瀀 䌀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 瘀漀氀 ㄀㈀㌀ 瀀 㔀㈀㜀Ⰰ 㜀 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀㜀㐀  and p 1087, 30 January 1975 - and also Harold Adolphe, Chief Archivist ਀          漀昀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀 栀攀氀瀀 漀昀 眀栀漀洀 倀攀琀攀爀 䤀戀戀漀琀猀漀渀 眀愀猀 琀漀 愀挀欀渀漀眀氀攀搀最攀Ⰰ  and Raymond d’Unienville under the title ‘The Life and Death of Joseph ਀          伀猀洀漀渀搀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀Ⰰ 匀琀漀眀愀眀愀礀Ⰰ 䔀渀最爀愀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 匀琀攀瘀攀搀漀爀攀 愀渀搀 倀氀愀渀琀攀爀ᤀ†椀渀 吀栀攀 䰀漀渀搀漀渀  Philatelist vol 83 pp 263-265 December 1974 - published the fruits of ਀          爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 攀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 眀愀猀 戀漀爀渀 漀昀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 䨀攀眀椀猀栀 瀀愀爀攀渀琀猀  named David and Rebecca, in Portsmouth on 10 August 1816. The Navy List ਀          漀昀 ㄀㠀㄀㘀 爀攀挀漀爀搀猀 愀 䐀⸀ 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 漀昀 䠀愀渀漀瘀攀爀 匀琀爀攀攀琀Ⰰ 䠀椀氀猀挀愀Ⰰ 愀猀 愀 氀椀挀攀渀猀攀搀  Navy Agent for petty officers and seamen. Joseph Osmond Barnard, it ਀          椀猀 爀攀瘀攀愀氀攀搀 攀洀椀最爀愀琀攀搀 琀漀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀 愀猀 愀 猀琀漀眀愀眀愀礀 愀戀漀愀爀搀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀攀攀ⴀ洀愀猀琀攀搀  ship Acasta, arriving at Port Louis on 6 December 1838 where until 1851 ਀          栀攀 眀愀猀 椀渀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 愀猀 愀渀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 瀀爀椀渀琀攀爀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀 ⸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀爀甀瀀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀瀀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀戀爀㸀

਀        㰀瀀㸀圀栀攀渀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀渀最 猀漀洀攀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 椀渀琀漀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 倀漀猀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀 椀渀  1977 I was in communication with P.J. Barnwell, a nonagenarian, sometime ਀          漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀瀀愀最攀猀⸀椀渀琀渀攀琀⸀洀甀⼀爀挀挀⼀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀㄀⸀栀琀洀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀刀漀礀愀氀  College in Mauritius and longtime contributor to the Dictionary ਀          漀昀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀愀渀 䈀椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀㰀⼀愀㸀⸀ 䠀攀 眀爀漀琀攀 琀漀 洀攀㨀㰀戀爀㸀
਀          ∀䤀琀 栀愀搀 渀漀琀 漀挀挀甀爀爀攀搀 洀攀 琀漀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀 琀栀攀 甀猀甀愀氀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 愀猀  being a watchmaker and jeweler. Europeans in Port Louis often turn their ਀          栀愀渀搀 琀漀 瘀愀爀椀漀甀猀 琀愀猀欀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䤀 搀漀甀戀琀 椀昀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 愀挀琀甀愀氀氀礀 洀愀搀攀 愀渀礀 眀愀琀挀栀攀猀㬀  watchmender is a more likely occupation. His marriage certificate described ਀          栀椀洀 愀猀 愀渀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀ⴀ瀀愀椀渀琀攀爀⸀ 䄀渀 愀搀瘀攀爀琀 漀昀 ㄀㠀㔀㄀ 愀氀氀椀攀搀 栀椀洀  with a man who was described as a watchmaker. When I was in Mauritius, ਀          愀渀搀 氀漀漀欀攀搀 昀漀爀 栀椀猀 搀攀愀琀栀 䤀 洀愀搀攀 愀 渀漀琀攀 漀昀 愀 瀀氀愀渀琀攀爀Ⰰ 䨀漀猀攀瀀栀 伀猀洀漀渀搀 䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀㬀  and some years later, Noel Regnard found a wedding ‘act' of a man with ਀          琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 渀愀洀攀猀Ⰰ 搀攀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 愀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 愀猀 愀戀漀瘀攀 猀琀愀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 栀攀  was a dealer in jewels as well as watches, and an engraver-painter, ਀          愀氀氀 愀氀氀椀攀搀 琀爀愀搀攀猀Ⰰ 椀猀 攀愀猀礀 琀漀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀⸀⸀⸀∀ 㰀戀爀㸀
਀          吀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 爀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 猀栀漀眀猀 琀栀愀琀 昀爀漀洀 ㄀㠀㔀㄀ 琀漀 ㄀㠀㘀㈀ 栀攀 眀愀猀 椀渀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀  as a partner in lighterage and shipping establishments; his marriage ਀          眀愀猀 琀漀 愀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀愀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 渀愀琀甀爀愀氀 搀愀甀最栀琀攀爀 漀昀 愀 爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀Ⰰ 椀渀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀  1839. He died on 30 May 1865, leaving ten surviving children.
਀        㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀 ⸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀爀甀瀀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀瀀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀

Another widely published statement about Barnard is that he was half-blind. ਀          䤀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 甀渀樀甀猀琀 琀漀 搀攀搀甀挀攀 昀爀漀洀 栀椀猀 攀渀最爀愀瘀椀渀最猀 愀氀漀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 栀椀猀 攀礀攀猀椀最栀琀  was anything but perfect, particularly having regard to the minuscule ਀          氀攀琀琀攀爀猀 ᠀䨠⸀䈀⸀ᤀ†攀渀最爀愀瘀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀爀甀渀挀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀攀挀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀昀昀椀最礀⸀  However, there is substantial evidence that his sight was not all that ਀          栀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 眀椀猀栀攀搀⸀ 㰀戀爀㸀
਀          一漀 椀渀猀琀爀甀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 椀渀瘀椀琀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀攀渀搀攀爀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀㬀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 琀栀攀  details of what he was to perform were conveyed to Barnard in a conversation. ਀          一漀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 愀挀挀攀瀀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 昀漀甀渀搀 渀漀爀 攀瘀攀渀 琀栀攀 搀愀琀攀  when Barnard was instructed to carry out his work.
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 It is so highly improbable as to be discounted that the design was left ਀          琀漀 栀椀洀 愀氀漀渀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 琀栀愀琀 猀漀洀攀漀渀攀 椀渀 愀甀琀栀漀爀椀琀礀  gave him instructions, detailed instructions about what to engrave. ਀          㰀戀爀㸀
਀          䄀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀爀琀椀挀氀攀 戀礀 䄀搀漀氀瀀栀攀 愀渀搀 搀ᤀ唠渀椀攀渀瘀椀氀氀攀㨀 㰀戀爀㸀 "His instructions were that a profile to left of Queen Victoria with ਀          搀椀愀搀攀洀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 漀挀挀甀瀀礀 琀栀攀 洀椀搀搀氀攀 漀昀 攀愀挀栀 猀琀愀洀瀀Ⰰ 愀猀 椀琀 搀椀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀  penny and two penny stamps."
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 "He chose a small copper plate about 3 1/4 inches by 2 1/2 inches, such ਀          愀猀 洀椀最栀琀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 瀀爀椀渀琀椀渀最 愀 氀愀搀礀ᤀ猠 瘀椀猀椀琀椀渀最 挀愀爀搀Ⰰ 漀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀漀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀  the design."
਀        㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀 ⸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀爀甀瀀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀瀀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀

Although he had described himself in an advertisement in Le Cernéen ਀          琀栀攀 氀漀挀愀氀 渀攀眀猀瀀愀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 㤀 䴀愀爀挀栀 ㄀㠀㌀㤀 愀猀 愀 䴀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 倀愀椀渀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 䔀渀最爀愀瘀攀爀  it seems that he had but little experience of engraving portraits, at ਀          愀渀礀 爀愀琀攀Ⰰ 洀椀渀椀愀琀甀爀攀 瀀漀爀琀爀愀椀琀猀㬀 栀椀猀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀猀 琀漀 挀漀瀀礀 琀栀攀 渀漀戀氀攀 氀椀渀攀猀  of the Heath's engraving of the Queen's head were crude. Nevertheless, ਀          琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 愀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 挀栀愀爀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 椀渀 渀漀 猀洀愀氀氀  measure contributed to the popularity of the Post Office Mauritius with ਀          挀漀氀氀攀挀琀漀爀猀⸀ 㰀戀爀㸀
਀          䈀愀爀渀愀爀搀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀搀 琀栀攀 ㄀搀⸀ 搀攀猀椀最渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 渀漀爀琀栀ⴀ眀攀猀琀 挀漀爀渀攀爀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 ㈀搀⸀  in the north-east corner of the small copper plate. No remarks have ਀          戀攀攀渀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 昀漀爀琀栀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀椀渀最 倀伀匀吀䄀䜀䔀Ⰰ⸀ 䴀䄀唀刀䤀吀䤀唀匀Ⰰ 伀一䔀 倀䔀一一夀Ⰰ  and POST.
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 However, a whole romance has been built up about the other word, OFFICE. ਀          吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 搀椀爀攀挀琀 攀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀 琀漀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 琀栀攀漀爀礀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀猀挀爀椀戀椀渀最 伀䘀䘀䤀䌀䔀  was an error. The argument in favor of its being an error is based, ਀          愀甀 昀漀渀搀Ⰰ 漀渀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀礀 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀栀椀氀愀琀攀氀椀挀 瀀爀攀猀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 眀愀猀  an error, and on the undoubted fact that, within eight months, a new ਀          椀猀猀甀攀 眀愀猀 瀀甀琀 漀渀 猀愀氀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀 倀䄀䤀䐀 椀渀猀挀爀椀戀攀搀 漀渀 戀漀琀栀 瘀愀氀甀攀猀 椀渀  the place where on the first issue the word OFFICE had appeared - moreover, ਀          琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 琀爀愀挀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀 愀爀挀栀椀瘀攀猀 漀昀 愀渀礀 爀攀愀猀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀⸀ 
਀        㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀 ⸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀爀甀瀀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀瀀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀

The argument against the 'error' theory is based on the equivalent ਀          漀昀 琀栀攀 氀攀最愀氀 洀愀砀椀洀 漀洀渀椀愀 瀀爀愀攀猀甀洀甀渀琀甀爀 爀椀琀攀 攀琀 猀漀氀攀洀渀椀琀攀爀 攀猀猀攀 愀挀琀愀 搀漀渀攀挀  probetur in contrarium, which is that all things are presumed to have ਀          戀攀攀渀 搀漀渀攀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀 愀渀搀 眀椀琀栀 搀甀攀 昀漀爀洀愀氀椀琀椀攀猀 甀渀琀椀氀 椀琀 戀攀 瀀爀漀瘀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀  contrary. The contra-errorists, of which I have been one for as long ਀          愀猀 䤀 挀愀渀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 栀愀瘀椀渀最 栀愀搀 愀渀 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀Ⰰ 瀀漀椀渀琀 昀椀爀猀琀 琀漀  the existence of postal markings inscribed POST OFFICE MAURITIUS or ਀          䴀䄀唀刀䤀吀䤀唀匀 倀伀匀吀 伀䘀䘀䤀䌀䔀 椀渀 甀猀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀氀漀渀礀 昀漀爀 洀愀渀礀 礀攀愀爀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 愀搀栀攀猀椀瘀攀  postage stamps were ever thought of there or, indeed long before they ਀          眀攀爀攀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 椀渀琀漀 甀猀攀 椀渀 䔀渀最氀愀渀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 洀愀爀欀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀椀渀 愀渀 漀瘀愀氀 昀爀愀洀攀  and reading COL/POST OFFICE /MAUIRITIUS came into use in 1834, but some ਀          攀椀最栀琀 礀攀愀爀猀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀氀礀 愀渀 甀渀昀爀愀洀攀搀 䴀䄀唀刀䤀吀䤀唀匀⼀倀伀匀吀 伀䘀䘀䤀䌀䔀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 甀猀攀搀Ⰰ  and at least two other similarly worded markings were brought into use ਀          椀渀 ㄀㠀㌀㈀ 愀渀搀 ㄀㠀㌀㠀⸀ 㰀戀爀㸀
਀          圀栀礀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 伀䘀䘀䤀䌀䔀 戀攀 挀漀渀猀椀搀攀爀攀搀 愀渀 攀爀爀漀爀 椀渀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 琀栀攀 ㄀㠀㐀㜀 椀猀猀甀攀  of Mauritius? Echo answers Why?
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 The answer, purely and simply, would seem to be that, if it is regarded ਀          愀猀 愀渀 攀爀爀漀爀Ⰰ 椀琀 漀瀀攀渀猀 琀栀攀 搀漀漀爀 琀漀 爀漀洀愀渀琀椀挀 椀洀愀最椀渀椀渀最猀⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀  little doubt that it did so in the case of Dr Georges Brunel, an enthusiastic, ਀          椀昀 渀漀琀 渀漀琀漀爀椀漀甀猀氀礀 昀愀挀琀甀愀氀Ⰰ 眀爀椀琀攀爀 漀渀 愀氀氀 洀愀琀琀攀爀猀 瀀栀椀氀愀琀攀氀椀挀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 眀愀猀  provided with an opportunity to give rein to his imaginations in 1920 ਀          眀栀攀渀 吀栀攀漀搀漀爀攀 䌀栀愀洀瀀椀漀渀 栀愀搀 琀漀 瀀愀礀 眀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀渀 愀 爀攀挀漀爀搀 猀甀洀 昀漀爀 渀漀琀  only a Post Office Mauritius but any stamp, namely, 116,912 francs (£2,248) ਀          愀琀 愀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀漀爀猀 挀漀氀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 猀攀挀甀爀攀 愀 吀眀漀 倀攀渀挀攀 倀漀猀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀  Mauritius for his own collection.
਀        㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀 ⸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀爀甀瀀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀瀀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀

Champion was a French dealer who had a remarkable collection of great ਀          爀愀爀椀琀椀攀猀⸀ 䠀攀 攀渀最愀最攀搀 䐀爀⸀ 䈀爀甀渀攀氀 琀漀 眀爀椀琀攀 琀栀攀 猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀  stamps. Of course, Dr. Brunel was aware of at least some of the earlier ਀          眀爀椀琀椀渀最猀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀Ⰰ 愀渀礀 栀攀 氀愀挀欀攀搀 愀渀搀 眀椀猀栀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 眀漀甀氀搀  have been provided. However, he seized the opportunity of adding glamour ਀          琀漀 琀栀攀 爀漀甀渀搀 甀渀瘀愀爀渀椀猀栀攀搀 琀愀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀 眀爀椀琀攀爀猀 椀洀愀最椀渀攀搀 攀爀爀漀爀⸀  It makes a readable story as presented in Bulletin Mensuel de la Maison ਀          吀栀攀漀搀漀爀攀 䌀栀愀洀瀀椀漀渀 攀琀 䌀漀 昀漀爀 䨀甀渀攀 愀渀搀 䨀甀氀礀 ㄀㤀㈀  愀渀搀 琀爀愀渀猀氀愀琀攀搀 愀渀搀 愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀  by, W. Renouf in The Philatelic Journal of India, vol 25 pp 80-83, June ਀          ㄀㤀㈀㄀ 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 䤀 猀栀愀氀氀 挀椀琀攀⸀ 㰀戀爀㸀
਀          吀栀攀 猀欀攀氀攀琀漀渀 漀昀 椀洀愀最椀渀攀搀 昀愀挀琀 栀愀搀 琀漀 戀攀 爀漀甀渀搀攀搀 漀甀琀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 昀氀攀猀栀 漀昀  imagined reconstruction of the circumstances. ‘The error in the plates ਀          漀昀 倀漀猀琀 倀愀椀搀 猀琀愀洀瀀猀ᤀ†攀爀爀漀爀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 渀愀椀氀攀搀 戀攀礀漀渀搀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 戀礀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀  some eight years earlier, as will be mentioned, of Barnard's engraved ਀          瀀氀愀琀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 倀漀猀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀Ⰰ 猀漀 䈀爀甀渀攀氀 最愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 攀爀爀漀爀 猀琀漀爀礀  a twist.
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 The secret of the rarity of the ‘Post Office Mauritius’ is that it was ਀          愀 戀氀甀渀搀攀爀⸀ 䈀甀琀 瀀栀椀氀愀琀攀氀礀 栀愀猀 戀攀渀攀昀椀琀攀搀 琀栀攀爀攀戀礀 愀渀搀 琀栀椀猀 攀砀攀洀瀀氀椀昀椀攀猀  how good can come out of evil.
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 We now see our friend Barnard with an order to engrave the Mauritius ਀          猀琀愀洀瀀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 搀攀猀椀最渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀搀 漀昀 儀甀攀攀渀 嘀椀挀琀漀爀椀愀 栀愀猀  been approved, and he has been given verbal instructions as to the inscriptions. ਀          䠀攀 栀愀猀 琀漀甀挀栀攀搀 栀椀猀 昀漀爀攀栀攀愀搀 眀椀琀栀 栀椀猀 昀椀渀最攀爀猀 琀漀 猀椀最渀椀昀礀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 栀愀猀  grasped what is wanted.
਀        㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀 ⸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀爀甀瀀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀瀀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀

He sits to work. As he is really a jeweler and not an engraver, the ਀          爀攀猀甀氀琀 洀甀猀琀 渀漀琀 戀攀 挀爀椀琀椀挀椀稀攀搀 琀漀漀 猀攀瘀攀爀攀氀礀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 瀀愀猀猀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䠀攀 椀渀猀挀爀椀戀攀猀  the word ‘Postage’ at the top in burly letters, the value at the foot, ਀          愀渀搀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀甀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀⸀ 伀渀氀礀 漀渀攀 猀椀搀攀 爀攀洀愀椀渀猀 戀氀愀渀欀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 栀攀爀攀 栀攀  experiences a tragic lapse of memory. His sketch gives no assistance, ਀          愀渀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 氀椀昀攀 漀昀 栀椀洀 栀攀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 爀攀挀愀氀氀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 栀攀 栀愀猀 琀漀 攀渀最爀愀瘀攀⸀  He sets out to find the Postmaster Brownrigg, to ask him to refresh ਀          栀椀猀 洀攀洀漀爀礀⸀ 䄀爀爀椀瘀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀攀 搀漀漀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 倀漀猀琀 伀昀昀椀挀攀 栀攀 猀攀攀猀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀搀猀  Post Office before his eyes. It is born upon him that these are the ਀          洀椀猀猀椀渀最 眀漀爀搀猀⸀ 䐀攀氀椀最栀琀攀搀Ⰰ 栀攀 爀甀戀猀 栀椀猀 栀愀渀搀猀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 栀攀 搀漀攀猀 愀 爀椀最栀琀  about turn, and finishes his engraving forthwith. And incidentally he ਀          瀀攀爀瀀攀琀爀愀琀攀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 挀漀氀漀猀猀愀氀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 攀爀爀漀爀 椀渀 瀀栀椀氀愀琀攀氀礀⸀ 
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 He is so pleased with the result that he does not trouble to submit ਀          瀀爀漀漀昀猀⸀ 䠀攀 瀀爀椀渀琀猀 㜀   挀漀瀀椀攀猀Ⰰ ㌀㔀  椀渀 爀攀搀 ⠀㄀搀⤀ 愀渀搀 ㌀㔀  椀渀 戀氀甀攀 ⠀㈀搀⤀⸀  Then he takes these to the Governor.
਀          㰀戀爀㸀 'Triple sot' (we had best not attempt a translation) burst from the ਀          爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀愀渀渀椀挀 䴀愀樀攀猀琀礀 眀栀攀渀 栀攀 爀攀愀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀愀洀瀀猀Ⰰ  ’Post Office’ instead of ‘Post Paid'. However, the mistake had been ਀          洀愀搀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀琀愀洀瀀猀 洀椀最栀琀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 戀攀 甀猀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 眀愀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀漀 最椀瘀攀  his annual party, and he used the majority of the issue on the invitation ਀          挀愀爀搀猀 昀漀爀 琀栀椀猀 瀀愀爀琀礀⸀ 㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀ऀ㰀瀀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀爀椀最栀琀∀㸀⸀㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀吀漀瀀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀爀甀瀀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀吀漀瀀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀 ਀      㰀琀搀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀㰀⼀琀搀㸀

਀    㰀琀爀 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀  ਀   㰀琀搀 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㈀㜀∀ 挀漀氀猀瀀愀渀㴀∀㈀∀㸀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀⌀∀ 漀渀䌀氀椀挀欀㴀∀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀⸀最漀⠀ⴀ㄀⤀∀㸀㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀⼀䤀洀愀最攀猀⼀爀攀搀ⴀ愀爀爀漀眀氀攀昀琀⸀最椀昀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㠀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㠀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀ ∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䈀愀挀欀㰀⼀愀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀 㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀䴀愀樀漀爀䔀瘀愀渀猀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀一攀砀琀  Page  ਀         ਀    㰀⼀琀爀㸀
 
Joseph Osmond Barnard
਀㰀戀爀㸀
਀ 㰀昀漀渀琀 昀愀挀攀㴀∀䄀爀椀愀氀Ⰰ 䠀攀氀瘀攀琀椀挀愀Ⰰ 猀愀渀猀ⴀ猀攀爀椀昀∀ 猀椀稀攀㴀∀㄀∀㸀䌀漀瀀礀爀椀最栀琀 ꤀㈀  ㈀ⴀ㈀  㔀 䔀渀挀礀挀氀漀瀀愀攀搀椀愀 䴀愀甀爀椀琀椀愀渀愀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀
਀  㰀搀椀瘀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䰀椀渀欀䜀爀攀礀∀㸀  Encyclopedia ਀    㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀欀爀攀漀氀⸀洀甀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䌀爀攀漀氀攀㰀⼀愀㸀 Sega ਀    㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀戀椀爀搀猀⸀洀甀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䈀椀爀搀猀㰀⼀愀㸀 Maps਀    㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀漀爀挀栀椀搀猀⸀洀甀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀伀爀挀栀椀搀猀㰀⼀愀㸀  Leica ਀    㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀愀氀瀀愀爀攀昀氀攀砀⸀挀漀洀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䄀氀瀀愀㰀⼀愀㸀  Kilfitt਀    㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀挀愀搀攀氀攀挀⸀挀漀洀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀䌀愀搀攀氀攀挀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀戀爀㸀  ਀    㰀愀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀渀最礀愀渀琀甀渀⸀挀漀洀∀ 琀愀爀最攀琀㴀∀开戀氀愀渀欀∀㸀ꀀ㰀⼀愀㸀 ਀
਀㰀⼀戀漀搀礀㸀 ਀਀